Evaluation of a structured physiotherapy treatment model for patients with lumbar disc herniation

Symptoms from lumbar disc herniation are common in the general population. Many discs heal spontaneously and the patient’s symptoms cease. When people have severe pain and sciatica, the recommendation is to start with physiotherapy treatment and pain medication for at least six to eight weeks before surgery is considered. There is, however, limited evidence relating to the effects of physiotherapy treatment for patients diagnosed with lumbar disc herniation. One common management method for patients with low back pain and sciatica is Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) or the McKenzie method, which aims to eliminate or minimise pain. However, MDT is seldom recommended for patients with disc herniation with a ruptured outer annulus, as the method is not expected to be effective on these patients. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate a structured physiotherapy treatment model for patients who qualified for lumbar disc surgery by having severe, long-standing pain and an MRI-verified lumbar disc herniation. Study I evaluated fear-of-movement/kinesiophobia in patients who were treated surgically for lumbar disc herniation. Study II evaluated a structured physiotherapy treatment model in patients who qualified for lumbar disc surgery. Study III described the experience of health among patients three years after treatment with either structured physiotherapy or surgery. Study IV evaluated the occurrence of centralisation of pain in relation to the patients’ disability, self-efficacy and kinesiophobia, after two weeks of McKenzie therapy. Study I showed that, 10-34 months after surgery for disc herniation, half the patients were classified as having kinesiophobia. These patients were more disabled, had more pain, more catastrophising thoughts, more symptoms of depression, lower self-efficacy and poorer health-related quality of life than patients who were not classified as having kinesiophobia. Study II showed that the patients had already improved significantly three months after the structured physiotherapy treatment model